Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its superior performance in removing organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. Recent advances in MBR design and operation have led significant improvements in process efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. These innovations include

The effectiveness of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in treating industrial wastewater has been a subject of extensive research. These systems offer benefits such as high removal rates for pollutants, compact footprint, and reduced energy usage. This article provides an summary of recent studies that have evaluated the functiona